It is equally critical to have a thorough understanding of the insulating material. The correct insulating material helps to ensure optimal equipment operation and protects personnel and sensitive equipment from dangerously hot surfaces and excessively hot air temperatures.
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At Firwin Corporation, we specialize in finding the best insulation materials and designs for your specialized equipment and unique applications. Our comprehensive selection of insulation materials ensures that we will find the perfect insulation solution for your needs. One of Firwin’s most versatile insulating materials is Aerogel, a porous, solid material with a high percentage of air and a variety of unique properties.
Aerogel is a class of low-density solid gels in which the liquid has been replaced with air or gas. The structural framework of Aerogel is typically composed of silica, so silica aerogel is often referred to as simply “Aerogel.” However, other structural materials have been used to create aerogels, including:
Regardless of the material, the preponderance of air in an Aerogel’s structure gives it a nearly transparent appearance. The high gas content of Aerogels also gives them a variety of unique properties, including extremely low density, very low thermal conductivity, and very high porosity.
In insulation applications, Aerogel easily outperforms traditional fillers such as wool and fiberglass. In fact, Aerogel offers the same quality insulation with 1/3 the thickness of other insulating materials. However, Aerogel is expensive to manufacture and is rigid and brittle in its basic form, so it requires some supporting material. In addition, Aerogel withstands temperatures up to °F (593 °C), but is not suitable for extremely high-temperature applications that operate above that level.
Silica Aerogel is particularly useful for insulating applications and is one of the most effective insulators available. Although it is more expensive than other insulating materials, Aerogel makes up for its cost by the benefits it offers. Some of these include:
Aerogel has been used as an insulating material for decades. Most notably, it has been used in NASA spacesuits for its exceptionally lightweight and durable nature. As manufacturing technology advances, Aerogel has become increasingly desirable in a broad range of insulating applications, including:
Although Aerogel is typically more expensive than other insulating materials, its enhanced thermal insulating properties with thinner layers make it uniquely suited for confined spaces. In addition, its extremely lightweight characteristics make it ideal for use on light and breakable components that could be damaged by the weight of more traditional insulating materials.
Aerogels are a class of materials with a unique morphology. Aerogels are highly porous, typically comprised of 95-99% air by volume. These low-density, highly-porous solid materials are light and durable. These characteristics make aerogel insulation an effective solution for many different applications.
Silica aerogel, in particular, has unique insulative properties. Aerogel thermal conductivity is lower than that of air, so it’s capable of providing a greater thermal resistance benefit than air. This is due to having pore sizes in the mesoporous range of 2–50 nm. These restricted pore diameters are smaller than the mean free path of air, forcing molecules to take a tortuous path through the material, inhibiting transfer of heat. This is known as the Knudsen effect.
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Aerogel insulation has been used in the aerospace industry for many years, often in the form of thick blankets of aerogel suspended in a thick fabric structure. Recently, companies started to look at using silica aerogel in electronics.
Most aerogel insulations take the form of a silica aerogel coated into or onto a substrate, such as a non-woven. This typically leads to an uneven distribution of aerogel throughout the structure, which can cause:
However, Gore recently developed and launched GORE Thermal Insulation, an aerogel-based product that solves those issues of consistency, and shedding.
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Selecting the appropriate design for the insulation (thickness and area) is critical to achieving optimal performance results. When designing an aerogel thermal solution, it is important to optimize the area of the insulation relative to the area of the surface hot spot.
GORE Thermal Insulation is provided in finished good form, meaning the insulation is die-cut to the appropriate size and shape. Installing an aerogel insulation into an electronic device requires the use of adhesives and cover films. Gore provides guidance and support to customers to ensure successful aerogel insulation installations.
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GORE Thermal Insulation has a thermal conductivity of about 0.020 W/m•K, depending upon its thickness. The specific heat capacity of our aerogel insulation finished good is 1.8J/g °C. In use, the max temp of aerogel insulation is dependent upon the adhesives used. For GORE Thermal Insulation finished goods, the max use temp is typically 100 °C. By selecting adhesives suitable for high temperatures, the aerogel insulation can be used up to ~320 °C.
With GORE Thermal Insulation, you can now improve the effectiveness of your thermal spreading solutions. With a through-plane thermal conductivity (kz) significantly lower than air, enabled by premium aerogel technology, GORE Thermal Insulation will enhance the heat-spreading ratio and outperform system-level air gaps. It can be used independently or in conjunction with heat spreaders to create a higher-performing thermal design.
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