Steel pipe piles are widely used in various situations such as support piles and friction piles. Especially when used as support piles, since they can be fully driven into the harder support layer, they can exert the load-bearing effect of the entire cross-sectional strength of the steel. Even in deep soft soil foundations of more than 30 meters, steel pipe piles can be sunk into a relatively solid support layer and can fully exert their bearing capacity. In summary, the main features of steel pipe piles are:
1. Can withstand strong impact. Because it can withstand strong impact forces, it has excellent penetration and penetration properties. If a hard interlayer is buried in the foundation that is not very thick and has a standard penetration number of IV = about 30, it can be passed through smoothly. It can penetrate the solid support layer according to design needs.
2. Large carrying capacity. Since steel as the parent material of steel pipe piles has high yield strength, a large bearing capacity can be obtained as long as the bank is sunk on a solid support layer.
3. Large horizontal resistance and strong resistance to lateral force. Because the steel pipe pile has a sizeable cross-sectional stiffness and a large resistance moment against bending moments, it can withstand large horizontal forces. In addition, large-diameter thick-walled pipes can also be used. Therefore, it can be widely used on bollards, bridge abutments, and bridge piers that bear lateral forces.
4. Great flexibility in design. The wall thickness of each single tube of the steel pipe pile can be changed as needed, and the outer diameter can be selected to meet the design load-bearing requirements.
5. The pile length is easy to adjust. When the layer that serves as the pile tip support layer is undulating, the prepared pile will appear to be longer or shorter. Since steel pipe piles can be freely welded to length or gas-cut to shorten, it is easy to adjust the length of the pile so that construction can be carried out smoothly.
6. The joints are safe and suitable for long-dimension construction. Since steel pipe piles are easy to make welded joints to splice pile sections, and the strength of the joints is equal to that of the base material, the burial depth can be determined to suit the needs.
7. Easy to combine with the upper structure. By pre-welding the steel bars to the upper part of the pile, the steel pipe pile can be easily combined with the upper cap rod concrete. It can also be directly welded to the upper structure, thus ensuring that the upper and lower parts work together.
8. Minimize soil discharge when piling. Steel pipe piles can be driven into the pile through openings. Relatively speaking, the cross-sectional area for discharging soil is small and the driving efficiency is high. It also has the following characteristics:
a: Little disturbance to the Gutu foundation.
b: There is no adverse impact on adjacent buildings (structures) and very intensive piling construction can be carried out on a small area.
c: Most suitable for projects such as high-rise buildings, large mechanical equipment foundations, and harbor structures, which impose large loads on a small area.
d: Easy to transport and stack. Steel pipe piles are light in weight, so there is no need to worry about damage, and they are easy to transport and stack.
e: Save project costs and shorten the construction period. Since steel pipe piles have many of the above characteristics, if these characteristics can be fully utilized in actual projects, the construction period can be shortened. Steel pipe piles are most suitable for rapid construction. Therefore, its comprehensive economic benefits are high and it can relatively save engineering costs.
Steel pipe pile is used to create a strong foundation for large, heavy structures such as buildings, bridges and roads. The piles are made of steel pipe that’s driven or drilled deep into the ground in order to help distribute the weight of a structure down to the stronger soil or rock below. There are several different types of steel pipe piling including unplugged open ended, plugged open ended, bottom plate, steel pipe with rock shoe, and Franki pipe pile. Different types of pipe pile will work better for different projects, depending on the nature of the soil and the weight of the structure that’s being supported.
To install pipe pile, steel pipe is forced into the ground. This can be done one of two ways, either by driving the piles or drilling the piles.
Steel pipe piles can be driven into the ground using a large impact hammer. Driving the piles is favored over drilling in situations where the soil is fairly loose, since driving the piles into the ground compresses the surrounding soil and therefore causes greater friction (which increases the load-bearing capacity of the pipe piles).
Steel piling can also be drilled into the ground using rotary boring equipment. Rotary boring is commonly used to install large diameter piles, and also when piles need to be installed in especially hard ground.
In both methods, the piles remain in place due to friction in the soil.
The design of a steel pipe pile system can be customized depending on the ground conditions and support requirements. Because pipe pile is made of steel, it can handle heavy loads and withstand extreme environments.
There are five main types of steel pipe pile. While all the different piling methods involve driving pipes into the earth, different soil conditions and structural needs make some pipe pilings better than others.
Unplugged open ended steel pipe pile has an open end. For this reason, once the pipes are installed the ground level will be the same on the inside and outside of the pipe. Unplugged open ended pipe pile transfers the weight of their load to the soil primarily through friction.
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Plugged open ended steel pipe pile has a plug on the bottom of the pipe. For this reason, the soil inside the pipe will be lower than the soil outside of the pipe.
Bottom plate steel pipe pile has a steel plate welded to the lower end. The plate creates compression and increases friction to reduce movement. Bottom plate steel pipe pile is used on rocky terrain where not much soil exists between the rock and the pile, and therefore increased friction is needed to hold the pile in place.
Steel pipe with rock shoe is similar to bottom plate in that it helps increase friction when there isn’t enough soil around. The difference is that rock shoe is used when the pile comes into direct contact with a rock surface. The shoe is able to support the entire load and prevents shifting or sliding along the rock surface.
Franki steel pipe pile is meant to be permanent and is plugged with a concrete filling. This kind of pipe pile can withstand a much stronger driving impact than any other kind of pipe pile.
Pipe piles should have a minimum outer diameter of eight inches, and minimum wall thickness of 0.25 inches. Pile piles are available in many sizes, though 12-inch diameter pipe piles are some of the most common. For pipe piles with a diameter of 14 inches or larger, it’s recommended that they have a minimum wall thickness of 0.375 inches.
Steel pipe piles are favored for many reasons. They’re highly customizable. Because the pipe pile can be tweaked to exact load specifications, costs can also be reduced. Pipe piles are relatively easy to build, and they’re also easy to replace after construction is complete, so their maintenance and replacement costs are some of the lowest. For large structures such as buildings and bridges where a deep foundation is necessary, steel pipe pile is an excellent choice.
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