A door handle or doorknob is a handle used to open or close a door. Door handles can be found on all types of doors including: exterior doors of residential and commercial buildings, internal doors, cupboard doors and vehicle doors. There are many designs of door handle, depending on the appropriate use. A large number of handles, particularly for commercial and residential doors, incorporate latching or locking mechanisms or are manufactured to fit to standardised door locking or latching mechanisms.
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The most common types of door handle are the lever handle and the doorknob. Door handles can be made out of a plethora of materials. Examples include brass, porcelain, cut glass, wood, and bronze.[1] Door handles have been in existence for at least years, and its design has evolved since, with more advanced mechanism, types, and designs made.
Some door handles are also arm- or foot-operated to reduce transmission of contagious illnesses.
Door handles have been in existence at least since the Neolithic period.[5] Locking or latching mechanisms have existed from about the same time. Key operated door locks have existed at least since Egyptian civilisation. The keys of these locks, which could be as large as two feet long, also functioned as door handles to slide a locking bolt and open the door.[6] Subsequently Roman domuses and insulae incorporated lockable doors of a different design but also opened by a combined handle/key.[7] Although available, these key lockable doors were relatively rare. Houses were almost always occupied so most lockable doors would feature a sliding bolt or a drop-in bar that allowed the building to be locked from the inside. The bolt or bar bracket acted as a handle. Although interior doors were less common in Rome than in modern buildings, the Romans had recognisably modern interior doors including door handles.[8] Doors excavated from Lake Nemi and dated to around 1st century CE feature knob-shaped handles.[9]
In Asia, China by the 4th century CE was producing a range of automated doors, door locks and door bars.[10]
There is little record of door handle development between the Fall of Rome and about CE. The oldest European doors include the Bernward Doors and the Westminster Abbey door.[11] The Bernward doors have large decorative ring-shaped handles of a type that became common on decorated doors from that period onwards. The Westminster Abbey door features a sliding bolt that can also function as a handle. From at least the Middle Ages blacksmiths made drop latches which could be opened by a handle connected to the latch by a split pin passing through the door.[12] Taking the form of a ring or strip, these handles could be elaborate and decorated but were universally made of metal. It can be speculated that since the task of making door hardware fell to the blacksmith, the use of turned or carved wooden knobs was not convenient. Wooden latches are also known from this period. A finger hole could be made that allowed the user to raise the latch from the other side of the door. The finger hole would double as a grip or handle. In another common design, transferred motion to open the latch was effected by a string passing through the door, which could be withdrawn from the inside to effectively lock the door to outsiders.[13] In this case the door might also have a basic handle carved or turned from wood.[12]
From about mid-17th century, drop handles were increasingly replaced by forged vertical handles formed as a bracket fixed to the door at the top and bottom of the bracket.[14] Vertical handles with an incorporated latch mechanism, known as Suffolk latches were developed. By the mid-18th century, forged vertical handles were being replaced by cast vertical handles, including the Norfolk latch.
The early 17th century also saw metalworking of a standard that allowed mortise locks and latches and compact rim locks and latches to be made for use in the most expensive buildings.[15] These locks used a twisting motion to operate, accelerating development in decorative doorknobs. The Industrial Revolution dramatically reduced the cost of lock and latch manufacture with lock designers including Barronin, Chubb and Bramah competing against each other around the end of the 18th century.[16] From the 18th century, a wide variety of lever handles and knobs started to be produced, with designs determined by local aesthetic preference and technology.[17] Knobs could be cast, turned, brazed or spun from a variety of materials. Levers could be wrought or cast. Designs became more complicated and might include a rose or escutcheon plate.
Until about door handle manufacture in the western world was almost entirely European. In the US was importing between 80 and 95% of its door handles.[18][19] Between and , the date of the Centennial Exposition, door handle manufacture grew rapidly in the US; more than 100 patents were filed for door handle and doorknob improvements in that time.[19] This period also saw glass doorknobs appear as a major part of the industry thanks to improvements in the pressed glass manufacturing process. Cut glass knobs were also popular from the time of the Centennial Exposition to about .[20]
From the early 20th century architects and designers started to take serious interest in door handles as part of a comprehensive vision of spaces for living.[17] In Wittgenstein famously designed a door handle which has become a prototype for curved tubular handles since then.[21] Emerson wrote of handles in his "The American Scholar" address.[22] Peter Behrens, Walter Gropius and Antoni Gaudi all produced handle designs, many of which continue to be manufactured.[17]
While aesthetic design, cost of manufacture and functionality remain primary drivers of door handle design, the 21st century has seen additional considerations introduced. In particular, considerations of infection control {see section below} and accessibility have become increasingly important since around . The Coronavirus pandemic has contributed to a rapid development of new handle designs including foot-operated handles and handles that can be operated by the user's forearm.
Escutcheon plates, also known as back plates, are used behind door handles, drawer pulls, surrounding keyholes and separate locks, and other similar purposes. These may be plain or fancy, embellished in any form, and serve variously to protect surrounding surfaces, conceal (and render tamperproof) important attachment fasteners, cover uneven rough openings, and add a decorative flourish.
The plate on the edge of a door (where a bolt or door plunger protrudes) is called the "faceplate";[23] opposite on the jamb is the "latchplate", creating or reinforcing the hole receiving a latch, bolt, or plunger.
The location of the door handle along the horizontal axis on the door can vary between a few inches or centimeters away from the edge of the door to the exact center of the door, depending on local culture, decorative style, or owner preference. The distance from the edge of the door to the center of the handle is called the backset.
The location of the door handle along the vertical axis on the door may vary between 34 and 48 inches (860 and 1,220 mm).[24]
Doorknobs can be difficult for the young and elderly to operate. For this reason, door handles in most American commercial and industrial buildings and in many households are lever-operated, rather than a knob, as the lever does not require a tight grip. Levers are also beneficial on doors with narrow stile widths where the reduced backset leaves insufficient space to comfortably turn a doorknob.
Most household door handles use a simple mechanism with a screw-style axle (called a spindle) that has at least one flat side, which is passed through the door jigger, leaving some length exposed on each side of the door to which the handles are attached. Some handles are attached on both sides by screwing or sliding them directly onto the spindle, and then securing one or more retaining screws (set screws) through the knob perpendicular to the flat of the spindle. Handles that lose traction can frequently be repaired by replacing or adjusting the set screw, which prevents them from slipping on the spindle. Other types of handles, typically used in Europe, slide onto the spindle but are affixed only to the door itself without use of set screws.
Types of household handles:
Car door handles may protrude from the vehicle's exterior surface or be streamlined into the vehicle's contour (as in a Tesla, for example). In some automobiles, especially luxury vehicles, the door handles may feature a key-less entry pad utilizing either a numerical code, thumb scan or face recognition.
On a balcony whose door has an outside shutter, a special door handle is used on the outer side. The protruding part of such handle (usually ring-shaped) can be folded sideways, so that the shutter can be fully closed without being obstructed by the door handle. These doors are referenced in pop culture such as Interstellar and A Dolphin Tale, as they are culturally significant in certain regions of the world.
A pocket door handle is a recessed rectangular insert, typically with operating hardware called a door pull.[25]
Door handles can also be called "handle sets". In addition there are door handles that are flush-mount and require pressing rather than turning or gripping, and there are touch-free, electronic, and motion-sensor door handles.
Door handles play a role in the spread of some infections.[26] Infection transmission can occur when an individual touches a handle and subsequently touches their eyes, nose or mouth.[27] However, some materials, e.g. brass, copper and silver, are slowly poisonous to many germs. The exact mechanism is not known, but is commonly thought to be via the oligodynamic effect, perhaps by some other electrostatic effect.[28] Brass and copper, for example, disinfect themselves of many door handle bacteria within eight hours.[29] Other materials such as glass, porcelain, stainless steel and aluminium do not have this effect.
To avoid hand contact, some door handles are designed to be operated by the arm or foot.[30][31]
The Antique Doorknob Collectors of America (ADCA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the collection of antique doorknobs. Established in , they have over members as of . The doorknob collecting hobby was kick-started after the publication of The Antique Doorknob by Maud Eastwood in .[32]
When it comes to our homes, door handles are often overlooked. We use them daily without giving them much thought, until something goes wrong or we decide to make a change. Understanding the various door handle parts can make a big difference, especially if you're looking to replace or upgrade your handles. From the lever or knob to the latch mechanism, knowing these components will help you make informed decisions about your door hardware. Let's break down the essentials of door handle parts so you can feel confident in your choices.
When you think about a door handle, the first thing that probably comes to mind is the lever. Levers are designed to be pushed down, which then activates the latch mechanism and allows you to open the door. Inside the handle, there's usually a spring that brings the lever back to its original position after you release it. This spring action is important because it stops the handle from being overused and keeps it working smoothly. You can find levers on different types of handles, like lever-on-rose handles and lever-on-backplate models.
Door knobs work a bit differently than levers. Instead of pushing down, you rotate the knob to open the door. There are two main types of door knobs: sprung and unsprung. Sprung knobs have a spring mechanism, similar to levers, that returns the knob to its starting position after you turn it. Unsprung knobs, on the other hand, don't have this spring. They rely on a simple turn and release mechanism, which means they won't automatically return to their neutral position. People with limited wrist movement sometimes find unsprung doorknobs easier to use.
Choosing between a lever and a knob really comes down to personal preference and what works best for your needs. Levers can be easier for some people to use, especially those with arthritis or other mobility issues, because they don't require a tight grip. Knobs, however, might offer a more traditional look that fits better with certain home styles. Both levers and knobs use a metal rod, called a spindle, to connect to the latch mechanism inside the door.
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Ultimately, the best choice depends on your individual needs and the overall aesthetic you're trying to achieve in your home. Consider things like ease of use, style, and any specific accessibility requirements when making your decision.
Okay, so what is a latch anyway? It's easy to take these things for granted, but the latch is what actually keeps your door closed. It's the part that extends from the door's edge and catches onto the strike plate on the door frame. Think of it as the unsung hero of door hardware. Without it, well, your door would just swing open all the time. A latch is a simple mechanism, but it's super important for basic privacy and security. You'll find that tubular latches are very common.
There are a few different kinds of latches you might encounter:
Choosing the right latch depends on the door's function and the level of security you need. A closet door might only need a simple roller catch, while a front door will require something much more robust.
Latches work using a pretty simple mechanism. The latch bolt is spring-loaded, so it automatically extends out from the door's edge. When you close the door, this bolt hits the strike plate and retracts, then pops back out into the strike plate's opening, holding the door closed. When you turn the handle, the spindle rotates, retracting the latch bolt and allowing you to open the door. It's a simple but effective system. The latch mechanism is essential for keeping doors closed.
Okay, so you've got your door, your handle, and your latch. But what keeps the door securely closed? That's where the strike plate comes in. A strike plate is a metal plate installed on the door frame where the latch bolt engages. It's basically the target for your latch, providing a secure point for it to lock into. Without it, your latch would just be hitting the wood of the door frame, which isn't very secure and can damage the frame over time. Think of it as the unsung hero of your door hardware.
Strike plates aren't just one-size-fits-all. There are different types designed for various applications. You've got your standard strike plates, which are pretty basic and work well for interior doors. Then there are security strike plates, which are made of heavier gauge metal and often have longer screws that go deeper into the door frame for added strength. You might also find strike plates with rounded edges or decorative finishes to match your door hardware. Here's a quick rundown:
Installing a strike plate might seem simple, but a little attention to detail can make a big difference. First, make sure the strike plate is aligned correctly with the latch. If it's off even a little, the door might not close properly. Use the screws that come with the strike plate, and if you're using a security strike plate, consider using longer screws that reach into the frame studs for maximum security. Here are a few tips:
A properly installed strike plate not only secures your door but also protects your door frame from damage. It's a small investment that can save you from bigger headaches down the road.
Okay, so what's a spindle? It's basically a metal rod, usually square, that goes through the door and connects the handles on both sides. Think of it as the link that makes the handles work together. You'll find that in the UK, the standard thickness is usually 8mm for door handles, but for bathroom locks with a thumbturn & release mechanism, you're looking at a 5mm spindle. The length can change depending on how thick your door is.
So, how does this thing actually work? The spindle fits into a square hole in the handle's backplate or rosette. Then, it goes through a matching hole in the tubular latch or mortise lock inside the door. When you turn the handle, the spindle rotates, which then moves the latch bolt, letting you open the door. It's a pretty simple system, but it's super important. Without it, you'd just have handles that don't do anything!
Sometimes, things go wrong. Here are a few things to watch out for:
If you're having trouble with your door handles, checking the spindle is a good first step. Make sure it's the right size, length, and in good condition. A small problem with the spindle can cause big headaches with your doors!
When it comes to home security, door locks are a big deal. There are many different kinds, each designed for specific needs and levels of security. You've got your standard knob locks, which are common for interior doors, but not the best for exterior security. Then there are deadbolts, which offer much better protection against forced entry. For even more security, mortise locks are a great option, often found in commercial settings but increasingly popular for homes too. And don't forget smart locks, which let you control access with your or a keypad. Choosing the right type depends on where the door is located and how much security you need. For example, you might want to consider mortice locks for external doors.
Door locks work using a pretty simple concept: a bolt extends from the door into the frame, preventing the door from opening. The way this bolt is controlled varies depending on the type of lock. With a basic key lock, the key turns a cylinder, which moves the bolt. Deadbolts have a more robust mechanism, often requiring the key to turn a full rotation to extend the bolt deep into the frame. Smart locks use electronic signals to control the bolt, allowing for keyless entry and remote access. The effectiveness of a lock depends on the quality of its construction and the strength of its components.
Selecting the right door lock involves thinking about a few things. First, consider the location of the door. An exterior door needs a much stronger lock than an interior one. Think about your security needs. Do you just want to keep honest people out, or do you need to protect against serious threats? Your budget also plays a role, as high-security locks can be expensive. Finally, think about convenience. Do you want the ease of keyless entry, or are you happy with a traditional key? Here's a quick guide:
Picking the right lock isn't just about security; it's about peace of mind. Take the time to research your options and choose a lock that fits your needs and budget. It's a small investment that can make a big difference in your home's safety.
Beyond the basic handle, latch, and strike plate, a variety of accessories can enhance both the function and style of your doors. These often-overlooked components can add security, improve aesthetics, and even extend the life of your door hardware. Let's explore some must-know accessories.
Backplates, also known as mounting plates, sit behind the door handle and serve several purposes. They provide a larger surface area for the handle to attach to the door, distributing the force and preventing damage to the door itself. They also conceal any imperfections or old screw holes from previous hardware. Backplates come in various shapes, sizes, and finishes, allowing you to match them to your door's style. For example, a long backplate can give a more traditional look, while a simple square backplate offers a modern touch. You can find backplates that incorporate keyholes or other features, adding to their functionality. When selecting a backplate, consider:
Escutcheons are small, decorative plates that surround the keyhole or handle. Their primary function is to protect the door from scratches and wear caused by keys or frequent handle use. They also add a touch of elegance and can complement the overall design of your door hardware. Escutcheons come in a wide range of styles, from simple and understated to ornate and decorative. Some escutcheons even feature a rotating cover to prevent dust and debris from entering the lock mechanism. Here's why escutcheons are a great addition:
Beyond backplates and escutcheons, several other accessories can improve your door handles. These include:
Don't underestimate the impact of these smaller components. Choosing the right accessories can not only improve the look of your doors but also enhance their functionality and longevity. Consider your needs and style preferences when selecting these finishing touches.
Consider door handle parts when thinking about accessories.
Door handles, we use them all the time, right? But how often do we actually think about taking care of them? Probably not enough! A little maintenance can go a long way in keeping your door hardware packs working smoothly and looking good. Let's get into some simple ways to keep those handles in tip-top shape.
Okay, so cleaning. It's not the most exciting thing, but it's important. Here's the deal:
Stuff happens, and sometimes your door handles need a little fixing. Here are some common issues and how to tackle them:
Keeping your door handles in good shape isn't just about looks; it's about function. A well-maintained handle will work smoothly and last longer, saving you money in the long run. Plus, it just feels good to have things working properly, right?
Sometimes, no amount of cleaning or fixing will do the trick. Here's when it's time to consider replacing parts:
Remember, taking care of your door handles is a small thing that can make a big difference. A little bit of regular maintenance can keep them working smoothly and looking great for years to come.
So there you have it! Understanding the parts of your door handles isn’t just for the pros. It’s pretty handy for anyone looking to swap out old handles or fix a stubborn one. Knowing what each part does can save you time and maybe even a few bucks on repairs. Whether you’re going for a sleek modern look or something more traditional, just remember the basics: levers, latches, and locks. Next time you grab a handle, you’ll appreciate all the little bits that make it work. Happy DIY-ing!
The main parts of a door handle include the lever or knob, the latch mechanism, the strike plate, and the lock.
Consider the style of your home, the type of door, and how often the door is used. You can choose between levers and knobs based on your preference.
A latch is a spring-loaded bolt that keeps the door closed. When you turn the handle, it moves the latch to open the door.
A strike plate is a metal plate attached to the door frame. It helps the latch stay in place when the door is closed.
Regular maintenance can prevent issues like squeaking, sticking, or broken parts, ensuring your door functions properly.
You should replace your door handle if it is damaged, difficult to use, or if you want to change the style for aesthetic reasons.