Jumpform, also known as jump system formwork, and slipform are both used in construction involving concrete. They are most often self-climbing forms that are used in the construction of tall buildings or other sizeable structures. They are particularly useful for the creation of shafts and cores as well as bridge pylons, silos, and chimneys. Jumpform as well as slipform may be referred to as a “climb-form” system.
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With both jumpform and slipform, concrete is poured into self-climbing molds until a concrete structure reaches a desire height. Electric motors or hydraulic rams may help facilitate the vertical climbing of these types of forms, eliminating or reducing the need for cranes. Jump system formwork and slipform both make use of work decks or platforms that climb vertically as the forms do to allow for the completion of concrete pours and reinforcement at various levels with ease. Neither jumpform nor slipform requires support from other parts of a building or construction. They are self-supporting, as they hold themselves up using the concrete that has been cast below each of their vertical levels or using other built-in support systems.
As you can probably tell, these form systems have quite a bit in common. There are some things that differentiate them from each other, however. Below are some of their key differences.
The use of jumpform involves a progression of a series of “jumps” or levels of concrete pours. On each level, concrete is poured and sets before jumping or progressing to the next level. This ensures a supportive foundation to move up. For instance, if jumpform is designed to produce ten-foot sections, concrete will be poured and set in the first ten-foot section. After which, the form will “jump” up to the next level, and concrete will be poured into the second ten-foot section. This process will continue until a structure reaches the necessary height. Jumpform is well-suited to applications in which any joints in between levels will ultimately be concealed in the final construction of the building or structure.
There are a few different types of jumpform. These are the most common:
Traditional Jumpform – This type involves using a crane to lift formwork to each level.
Guided Jumpform – This is really similar to traditional jumpform except that formwork units stay attached/anchored to the concrete structure as formwork is raised by a crane. Guided jumpform can be a bit safer than traditional jumpform.
Self-climbing Jumpform – No crane is needed for this category of jumpform, as it’s raised to new levels on rails.
As we’ve mentioned, slipform has a lot in common with jumpform. The main difference between the two is that slipform uses a structure’s core of shaft for its support, and it moves up slowly as concrete is poured in one long, slow pour. This eliminates the need for waiting for each level to dry. Slipform is great for creating tapered structures with walls that have thickness that contracts at various levels. In general, this type of self-climbing formwork system is considered to be more efficient than jumpform for particularly high buildings, especially those over ten stories. Slipform usually consists of three platform stations. The lowest station is used for the finishing of concrete. The middle station is used at the highest level of where concrete is poured, and the highest station is where materials for the project are stored.
Slipform creates a continuous, smooth, and highly precise concrete end product with no joints from jumping. This is ideal for structures where joints won’t be covered up, particularly for structures like chimneys and bridge pylons. A downside of slipform in comparison to jumpform is that it’s usually a bit more expensive, and it requires workers to attend to concrete pours for longer consecutive hours.
Overall, both jumpform and slipform come with unique advantages that make them excellent choices for the efficient construction of tall concrete structures.
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In a nutshell, formwork is the mold wherein fresh concrete is poured and formed. The mold, which can be permanent or temporary, holds the poured concrete and shapes it until it solidifies and becomes strong enough to support itself and other loads.
Formwork is also known as “shuttering.” However, in certain parts of the world, shuttering refers to using plywood or timber to create the mold.
Formwork systems can be classified according to the following parameters:
Construction costs usually consist of building materials (ca. 45%), labor (ca. 45%), and operating expenses (ca. 10%). Formwork material comprises 15% of the total building material and contributes roughly 44% of the total labor. Meanwhile, formwork construction accounts for up to 25% of the total cost of building the structure. For this reason, many builders and construction companies prefer reusable forms (panel forms). The process of removing formwork is called “stripping.”
As the name suggests, column formwork is used in the construction of circular or rectangular columns. Columns have formwork sections with a “closed load transmission,” which is supported by the formwork’s design and the guaranteed tensile strength rather than by using ties.
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Steel formwork is often used to form circular columns as it is economical and available in incremental dimensions. Single-use forms, which are destroyed and disposed of during stripping, can be used as an alternative. However, using single-use formwork is not advisable if you need to construct multiple circular columns.
Meanwhile, rectangular columns are formed using three systems depending on their specifications. For instance, classic timber girders with steel walers and a plywood facing are often used when builders need to construct a significant number of columns with special dimensions. The windmill system, which is composed of columns or multipurpose panels of frame formwork systems, is suitable for building single columns with a standard dimension.
Finally, a foldable column formwork is highly suitable for columns with great heights. Because all the essential components (panels, connecting devices, ladders, and access platforms) are integrated into this type of column formwork, it helps builders reduce their construction time and costs.
Wall formwork comes in different types and classifications, as outlined below.
Conventional
Conventional wall formwork consists of boards or sheets and squared timber. It is flexible, but it can be costly and time-consuming as each component must be assembled on-site. In addition, all of its parts should be made according to the project’s specifications, and they must be nailed together and dismantled again after concreting.
Girder
This is a better version of the conventional formwork. Its components, which usually consist of dimensionally stable girders with two chords and one web, have been standardized to facilitate the assembly of identical and ready-to-use panels. The connection of the panels has also been systematized.
Frame
This type of wall formwork helps reduce labor time since its essential components (forming face, support for forming face, and steel walers) are assembled as one panel. The profile nose of the frames protects the edges of the forming face, thereby extending its lifespan. Connecting devices are used when assembling the frame panels to large-sized units, which are then usually transported by crane.
Crane-independent (hand-set)
This type of formwork can be moved by hand. Because of weight considerations, it is usually made of aluminum or plastic. It can take less concrete pressure than crane-dependent formwork, and is often used in housing and municipal construction projects.
Crane-dependent
Crane-dependent formwork systems feature a large frame and formwork panels, usually made of steel. As a result, they cannot be moved manually. Since they can resist more fresh concrete pressures than crane-independent forms, they are suitable for the construction of commercial buildings and other extensive infrastructure projects.
Two-sided
As the name implies, two-sided formwork is erected on both sides of the wall. Its formwork ties, which are usually sleeved by spacing plastic tubes so they can be reused, take up the fresh concrete pressure. Push-pull props or large heavy-duty braces are attached to the formwork to align and secure it against wind loads during operation.
Single-sided
Single-sided formwork is used when the concrete has to be poured against existing structures or when builders need to do concreting against a hill or soil. This is why it is most suitable for reconstruction jobs. With this type of formwork system, concrete pressure is transferred from the formwork to the base plates through a support structure.
Prefabricated
This formwork consists of two prefabricated concrete panels which are assembled in advance, and then transported and filled with concrete on-site. Braces and push-pull props are often used to secure the walls, while working and safety scaffolds are installed with the help of special adapters to make the construction process more cost-effective. Prefabricated formwork helps minimize project duration and labor costs. However, pre-planning is required to ensure that it is transported safely to the site.
Circular
Circular formwork is designed for the construction of curved and polygonal walls. It is also quite useful in the construction of specific concrete structures, such as septic tanks and car park ramps. This formwork system comes in three different types:
Climbing
Climbing formwork is quite useful in the construction of high-rise concrete structures, such as control towers and skyscrapers, because it climbs with the wall. It comprises large wall formwork mounted to a climbing scaffold. There are three different types of climbing formwork:
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